Good discussion over at Volokh on origin of concealed carry bans.  Important to note that open carry was an option. 

The successful modern experiment with concealed carry has reduced violent crime, but it fails to educate the skittish public about guns the way open carry would, with higher level retention holsters if necessary.  Both are necessary (OC with concealed BUG).

There may be something to the Second Great Awakening maturing us out an "honor culture" that responded to insults with lethal force, but I think the larger point is that the moral decay leading to the Second Great Awakening of the 1820's and 1830's(and drop-off in militia participation, etc) also led to increased criminality, which in turn led to the same desperate nonsense we see today in attempting to control lawless behavior through laws applicable to the law-abiding. What we really need is a Third Great Awakening. READY.GOD

The Volokh Conspiracy – Early American Argument for Banning Carrying Concealed Weapons:.

Early American Argument for Banning Carrying Concealed Weapons: I've been trying to track down the early legal and ideological sources of bans on concealed weapons, which were enacted in many states in the 1800s. Bliss v. Commonwealth (1822) struck down an 1813 ban enacted in Kentucky, but later cases generally upheld the concealed carry bans, often on the grounds that open carry was available as an option.